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  • Undercover soldiers ‘killed unarmed civilians in Belfast’

    Soldiers from an undercover unit used by the British army in Northern Ireland killed unarmed civilians, former members have told BBC One’s Panorama.

    Speaking publicly for the first time, the ex-members of the Military Reaction Force (MRF), which was disbanded in 1973, said they had been tasked with “hunting down” IRA members in Belfast.

    The former soldiers said they believed the unit had saved many lives.

    The Ministry of Defence said it had referred the disclosures to police.

    The details have emerged a day after Northern Ireland’s attorney general, John Larkin, suggested ending any prosecutions over Troubles-related killings that took place before the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.

    The soldiers appeared on Panorama on condition their identities were disguised

    The proposal has been criticised by groups representing relatives of victims.

    Panorama has been told the MRF consisted of about 40 men handpicked from across the British army.

    Before it was disbanded 40 years ago, after 18 months, plain-clothes soldiers carried out round-the-clock patrols of west Belfast – the heartland of the IRA – in unmarked cars.

    Three former members of the unit, who agreed to be interviewed on condition their identities were disguised, said they had posed as Belfast City Council road sweepers, dustmen and even “meths drinkers”, carrying out surveillance from street gutters.

    But surveillance was just one part of their work.

    One of the soldiers said they had also fired on suspected IRA members.

    He described their mission as “to draw out the IRA and to minimise their activities… if they needed shooting, they’d be shot”.
    Continue reading the main story
    Analysis
    John Ware
    Reporter, BBC Panorama

    For 15 years, Northern Ireland has been divided about how to deal with the legacy of three decades of conflict.

    The compromise has been the establishment of the Historical Enquiries Team, a group of former detectives, who are reviewing all deaths in Northern Ireland during the conflict, primarily to answer questions from their relatives.

    But now the Northern Ireland attorney general has reignited the vexed issue of whether truth recovery through a virtual amnesty is preferable to prosecution.

    John Larkin has called for an end to all prosecutions and inquiries in relation to Troubles-related killings.

    The disclosures by Panorama are bound to add to this debate.

    The closest former MRF soldiers have previously come to breaking cover is as the pseudonymous authors of two semi-fictionalised paperbacks, one of whom has referred to the MRF as a “legalised death squad”.

    The factual account of the MRF may not be quite as colourful. Nonetheless, the evidence gleaned from seven former members, declassified files and witnesses, does point to a central truth – that MRF tactics did sometimes mirror the IRA’s.
    ‘Targets taken down’

    Another former member of the unit said: “We never wore uniform – very few people knew what rank anyone was anyway.

    “We were hunting down hardcore baby-killers, terrorists, people that would kill you without even thinking about it.”

    A third former MRF soldier said: “If you had a player who was a well-known shooter who carried out quite a lot of assassinations… then he had to be taken out.

    “[They were] killers themselves, and they had no mercy for anybody.”

    In 1972 there were more than 10,600 shootings in Northern Ireland. It is not possible to say how many the unit was involved in.

    The MRF’s operational records have been destroyed and its former members refused to incriminate themselves or their comrades in specific incidents when interviewed by Panorama.

    But they admitted shooting and killing unarmed civilians.

    When asked if on occasion the MRF would make an assumption that someone had a weapon, even if they could not see one, one of the former soldiers replied “occasionally”.

    “We didn’t go around town blasting, shooting all over the place like you see on the TV, we were going down there and finding, looking for our targets, finding them and taking them down,” he said.

    Patricia McVeigh says her father Patrick was shot in the back as he stopped to talk to men at a checkpoint

    “We may not have seen a weapon, but there more than likely would have been weapons there in a vigilante patrol.”

    Panorama has identified 10 unarmed civilians shot, according to witnesses, by the MRF:
    Brothers John and Gerry Conway, on the way to their fruit stall in Belfast city centre on 15 April 1972
    Aiden McAloon and Eugene Devlin, in a taxi taking them home from a disco on 12 May 1972
    Joe Smith, Hugh Kenny, Patrick Murray and Tommy Shaw, on Glen Road on 22 June 1972
    Daniel Rooney and Brendan Brennan, on the Falls Road on 27 September 1972

    Patricia McVeigh told the BBC she believed her father, Patrick McVeigh, had been shot in the back and killed by plain clothes soldiers on 12 May 1972 and said she wanted justice for him.

    “He was an innocent man, he had every right to be on the street walking home. He didn’t deserve to die like this,” she said.

    Her solicitor Padraig O’Muirigh said he was considering civil action against the Ministry of Defence in light of Panorama’s revelations.

    The MoD refused to say whether soldiers involved in specific shootings had been members of the MRF.
    Continue reading the main story
    Troubles in Northern Ireland

    The conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century is known as the Troubles.

    More than 3,600 people were killed and thousands more injured.

    During a period of 30 years, many acts of violence were carried out by paramilitaries and the security forces.
    Read more about the Troubles
    ‘Pretty gruesome’

    It said it had referred allegations that MRF soldiers shot unarmed men to police in Northern Ireland.

    But the members of the MRF who Panorama interviewed said their actions had ultimately helped bring about the IRA’s decision to lay down arms.

    Gen Sir Mike Jackson, the former head of the British army, and a young paratrooper captain in 1972, said he had known little of the unit’s activities at the time, but admired the bravery of soldiers involved in undercover work.

    He said: “That takes a lot of courage and it’s a cold courage. It’s not the courage of hot blood [used by] soldiers in a firefight.

    “You know if you are discovered, a pretty gruesome fate may well await you – torture followed by murder.”

    The IRA planted nearly 1,800 bombs – an average of five a day – in 1972

    Col Richard Kemp, who carried out 10 tours of Northern Ireland between 1979 and 2001, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme charges could be brought if there was new evidence unarmed civilians had been killed.

    But he added: “Soldiers often speak with bravado and I wonder how many of those soldiers are saying that they themselves shot and killed unarmed civilians.”

    Panorama has learnt a Ministry of Defence review concluded the MRF had “no provision for detailed command and control”.

    Forty years later and families and victims are still looking for answers as to who carried out shootings.

    Former detectives are reviewing all of the deaths in Northern Ireland during the conflict as part of the Historical Enquiries Team set up following the peace process.

    Around 11% of the 3,260 deaths being reviewed were the responsibility of the state.

    21 November 2013 Last updated at 05:50 ET

    Find this story at 21 November 2013

    BBC © 2013

    Undercover Northern Ireland soldiers accused of killing unarmed civilians

    Former members of Military Reaction Force admit on BBC Panorama they did not always follow guidelines on lethal force

    Claims that members of an undercover army unit shot unarmed civilians in Northern Ireland during the 1970s have been referred to the police, according to the Ministry of Defence.

    The allegations against the Military Reaction Force (MRF) are contained in a BBC Panorama programme, Britain’s Secret Terror Force, to be broadcast on Thursday evening.

    Seven former members of the plain-clothes detachment – which carried out surveillance and, allegedly, unprovoked attacks – have spoken to the programme. The existence of the MRF is well known but its unorthodox methods and the scope of its activities have been the source of continuing speculation.

    The soldiers in the Panorama report are not identified. One said that surveillance had been the MRF’s main purpose, but that it also had a “hard-hitting anti-terrorist” role. “We were not there to act like an army unit,” he explained. “We were there to act like a terror group. We had our own rules, but I don’t recall being involved in the shooting of an innocent person.”

    Their weaponry was not always standard issue. On one occasion, the programme reports, a Thompson sub-machine gun was used. The men drove Hillmans and Ford Cortinas with microphones built into the sun visors; some were cars that had been stolen and recovered.

    The year 1972 was the most violent of the Troubles: 497 people were killed including 134 were soldiers.

    All seven former MRF soldiers told the programme that they sometimes acted in contravention of the “yellow card” – the strict rules that spelled out the circumstances under which soldiers could open fire. Lethal force was generally only lawful when the lives of security forces or others were in immediate danger.

    One soldier explained: “If you had a player who was a well-known shooter who carried out quite a lot of assassinations …it would have been very simple – he had to be taken out.” All the soldiers, however, denied that they were part of a “death” or “assassination squad”.

    Two fatal shootings have been linked to the MRF. On the night of 12 May 1972, an MRF patrol shot dead Patrick McVeigh, a father of six children and a member of the Catholic Ex-Servicemen’s Club whose members had been manning barricades in Belfast.

    The soldiers involved made statements to the Royal Military Police saying they had been shot at and returned fire. However, the programme, made by the production company twenty2vision for Panorama, says there is no evidence that McVeigh or anyone beside him were members of the IRA. Those hit tested negative when swabbed by the police for firearms deposits, the programme says.

    In September that year, another MRF patrol, the BBC programme says, shot dead 18-year-old Daniel Rooney in West Belfast. An MRF sergeant was acquitted of attempted murder following a trial in 1973. After 18 months’ duty, the MRF was dissolved in late 1972 following army concerns about the adequacy of its command and control structures.

    An MoD spokesperson told the Guardian: “This is a matter for the Police Service of Northern Ireland Historical Enquiries Team (PSNI HET), who are examining all deaths that occurred during Operation Banner; the Ministry of Defence has co-operated fully with their inquiries.

    “The UK has strict rules of engagement which are in accordance with UK law and international humanitarian law. This applied to operations in Northern Ireland. Soldiers were at all times subject to the general criminal law on the use of force, which was made clear to them in training and before operations.”

    The PSNI said it would wait to see the programme. A spokesman added: “It would be inappropriate to comment at this point.”

    Owen Bowcott, legal affairs correspondent
    theguardian.com, Thursday 21 November 2013 06.12 GMT

    Find this story at 21 November 2013

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